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Real Estate Lawyer in Málaga – Property Law Attorney

Real Estate Attorneys in Málaga

The real estate market in Málaga and the Costa del Sol presents a legal complexity that few territories in Spain can match. The confluence of massive foreign investment, a constantly evolving General Urban Development Plan (PGOU), the proliferation of tourist rentals, and an extremely high volume of property transactions demands legal advice that goes beyond mere document management.

At Francisco Orozco & Asociados, we act as real estate legal strategists. From our offices in Málaga and Ronda, our team intervenes at every stage: from pre-contractual due diligence to defense before the Courts of First Instance, including tax optimization. We do not merely sign documents; we design legal structures that protect your assets.

We operate in a market where a registry or planning error can translate into losses of tens of thousands of euros. Our approach is preventive, technical, and results-oriented.

When do you need a real estate attorney in Málaga?

The involvement of a specialized attorney is not a luxury; it is an objective necessity in transactions that put your assets at risk:

  • Purchase or sale of property: Registry and planning verification to avoid hidden encumbrances.
  • Foreign investment: Tax management (IRNR), double taxation treaties, and NIE obtainment.
  • Rental disputes: Non-payment, rent updates (IPC/IGC), and possession recovery through eviction proceedings.
  • Inheritances and Divorces: Dissolution of co-ownership, division of common property, and allocation of use rights.
  • Hidden defects: Claims for defects in second-hand properties or ten-year liability in new construction (LOE).
  • Homeowners’ associations: Challenging resolutions, unpaid fees, and nuisance activities.
  • Planning matters: Obtaining LPO, declaration of existing construction, and AFO proceedings.
  • Tourist rentals: Compliance with Decree 28/2016 and registration with Andalusia Tourism.

Real Estate Purchase and Sale in Málaga

Real estate transactions concentrate the greatest asset risk. Every transaction requires thorough legal verification before the signing of any binding document.

Due diligence: 3 levels of protection

  • Registry level: Analysis of the land registry extract, ownership, encumbrances, mortgages, easements, and liens at the Land Registry.
  • Planning level: Review of the PGOU at the Málaga City Council, confirmation of LPO, and absence of violations (AFO).
  • Contractual level: Drafting of the private contract, distribution of expenses, and guarantees.

Deposit agreements and types

The incorrect classification of deposit agreements is a constant source of litigation. We draft clear contracts:

  • Penitential deposits (art. 1454 CC): Allow withdrawal subject to penalty.
  • Confirmatory deposits: Non-refundable advance on the purchase price.
  • Penalty deposits: Operate as pre-set compensation in case of breach.

Foreign investment and Golden Visa

We advise non-resident investors throughout the entire process: NIE, bank accounts, tax representation before the AEAT, and processing of the Golden Visa. We also manage IRNR obligations and the 3% withholding that the buyer must apply to the non-resident seller at the time of signing.

Mortgage subrogation and encumbrances

We manage the registry cancellation of prior encumbrances, or negotiate the terms of subrogation (debtor or creditor) in accordance with the Mortgage Credit Contracts Act.

Eviction Attorneys in Málaga

Evictions and Property Recovery

Every month of delay in recovering an illegally occupied property represents an irrecoverable loss. We act swiftly and precisely in the Courts of Málaga.

  • Express eviction for non-payment: The tenant has 10 days to pay, vacate, or contest.
  • Lease expiration: Claim based on the end of the contractual term under the LAU.
  • Squatters and precarious occupants: Summary proceedings and coordination with criminal proceedings for unlawful occupation (art. 245.2 CP).
  • Impact of Law 12/2023: Adaptation of claims in light of vulnerability declarations and stressed rental zones.
Eviction Phase Estimated Timeline
Admission for processing 1-2 weeks
Notice to the defendant 10 business days
Hearing scheduling 2-4 months
Writ of possession (eviction) 1-3 months after judgment

Leases and Rental Agreements in Málaga

Poor drafting is the root cause of most disputes. We draft and safeguard contracts tailored to each type of arrangement, including legal security deposit clauses and additional guarantee deposit provisions:

Primary Residence (LAU)

We regulate minimum duration (5 or 7 years), tacit renewals, rent caps in stressed rental zones, and landlord necessity clauses.

Holiday Rental (VFT)

Assistance with registration in the Andalusia Tourism Registry, compliance with Decree 28/2016, and municipal restrictions in the historic city centre of Málaga. We advise on the risk of penalties for operating without a VFT licence and the available regularisation routes.

Commercial Premises

Contractual freedom to establish stepped rents, allocation of renovation costs, subleases, and goodwill compensation.

Deposits and Guarantees

Management of the mandatory deposit with AVRA and legal structuring of additional guarantees (bank guarantees, rent default insurance).

Homeowners' Association Management

Horizontal Property and Homeowners’ Associations

Disputes within residential communities rank among the most frequent consultations in real estate law. We advise associations, property managers, and individual owners under the LPH:

  • Challenge of resolutions: Claims against resolutions contrary to the law or bylaws (deadline of 3 months to 1 year).
  • Recovery from defaulting owners: Use of the special monitorio procedure to attach accounts of debtor residents.
  • Special levies and works: Advice on required majorities (1/3, 3/5, or unanimity) depending on the type of works.
  • Nuisance activities: Enforcement of the cessation action (art. 7.2 LPH) to halt unlawful or nuisance uses.

Hidden Defects and Construction Deficiencies

The purchase of a defective property is subject to strict limitation periods. For second-hand properties (Civil Code), the period is only 6 months. For new construction (LOE), the periods vary:

Type of Defect (New Construction) Warranty Period Liable Parties
Finishes and fittings 1 year Contractor
Habitability and watertightness 3 years All agents
Structural (foundations, beams) 10 years All agents

We coordinate technical expert reports to pursue the quanti minoris action (price reduction and repair costs) or the redhibitory action (contract rescission).

Dissolution of Co-ownership (Inheritances and Divorces)

This is the most efficient tool for dissolving jointly owned properties (co-ownership). If one co-owner acquires 100%, it is far less costly than a standard sale due to its tax advantage in Andalusia:

  • Standard sale: Subject to 7% property transfer tax (ITP).
  • Dissolution of co-ownership: Subject to only 1.2% stamp duty (AJD).

Urban Planning and Permits

Málaga requires an in-depth knowledge of its General Urban Development Plan (PGOU) and the regulations of the Junta de Andalucía.

  • Processing of the First Occupancy Licence (LPO).
  • Handling of AFO (Assimilated Out-of-Planning) files for rural land.
  • Declaration of old new construction by planning prescription (6 years).
  • Subdivision and consolidation of plots.

Real Estate Taxation

We optimise the tax cost of any property transaction.

  • Settlement of ITP (7%), VAT, and stamp duty AJD (1.2%).
  • Management of the new municipal capital gains tax and claims for losses.
  • Calculation of personal income tax (IRPF) on capital gains and the 3% withholding for non-residents (IRNR).

Francisco Orozco, real estate strategist

Our Working Method

Every real estate transaction follows a protocol that ensures complete legal certainty:

1. Analysis and Due Diligence
Registry, urban planning, and tax assessment of the asset or issue.
2. Strategy Design
Legal roadmap with timelines and likely scenarios.
3. Legal Execution
Contract drafting, negotiation, notarial assistance, or filing of civil claims.
4. Closing and Settlement
Registration at the Land Registry, tax management, and delivery of a final report to the client.



Frequently Asked Questions about Real Estate Law in Málaga

It is not mandatory, but it is essential for your protection. An attorney verifies hidden encumbrances, planning legality (LPO, AFO) and prevents you from signing reservation contracts with abusive terms or assuming third-party debts. If you are a foreign buyer, you will also need to obtain your NIE, open a bank account and settle transfer tax (ITP) or VAT (IVA) depending on whether it is a resale or new-build property.

Penitential deposits (Article 1,454 of the Civil Code) allow either party to withdraw: if the buyer withdraws, they forfeit the amount paid; if the seller withdraws, they must return double the amount. Confirmatory deposits function as a down payment on the total purchase price and do not allow free withdrawal — if one party defaults, the other may demand specific performance or rescission with damages. Before signing, we recommend having a real estate attorney review exactly what type of deposit you are agreeing to.

An express eviction without opposition can take 3 to 4 months. If opposed, it may extend to 6–9 months. The Housing Act (12/2023) requires additional proceedings in cases of vulnerability, so filing the claim promptly is critical. Having a specialist attorney streamlines the process and avoids procedural errors that could delay recovery of your property.

Yes, but for resale properties the limitation period expires 6 months after the handover of keys. You will need an expert report proving that the defect was pre-existing, hidden and serious. For new-build properties, the Building Regulations Act (LOE) establishes periods of 1 year (finishing defects), 3 years (habitability) and 10 years (structural defects) to bring claims against the developer, contractor and project management team.

You must obtain a VFT licence and register with the Andalusia Tourism Registry. Verify that your homeowners’ association bylaws do not explicitly prohibit it, and comply with the specific regulations of the Málaga City Council. Operating without a licence may result in sanctions ranging from a minor fine to the precautionary closure of the activity.

Yes. The Horizontal Property Act allows decisions to be challenged if they are contrary to the law, to the bylaws, or are seriously detrimental to the community or to any owner who is not obliged to accept them. The deadline is 3 months from notification of the minutes (or 1 year if contrary to the law). To have standing, you must be up to date with community fees or have lodged the amounts owed.

The Building Regulations Act (LOE) establishes three deadlines: 1 year for finishing defects (paintwork, tiles, carpentry), 3 years for habitability defects (damp, insulation, installations) and 10 years for structural defects (foundations, pillars, floor slabs). It is essential to act promptly, gather expert evidence and formally notify the developer before your right to claim expires.

Multidisciplinary Coverage at Orozco y Asociados

The real estate market frequently intersects with other areas of law. We offer comprehensive cross-disciplinary representation:

Protect your investment starting today

If you need real estate legal advice in Málaga or have an ongoing transaction that requires technical review, our team is at your disposal.

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